高中英语语法归纳讲解(二)

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主谓一致

 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指“人称 ”和“数方面的一致关系 。如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致 , 就近一致。

 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数 ,谓语也用复数。

以下为注意事项:

 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是) , including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数 。

如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。

No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。

2. 用and连接的并列主语 ,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念 , 谓语动词用单数 , 否则用复数 。 如:

The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。 (两样物)

用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数 。

3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数。 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

为人民服务是我的幸福。

When we'll go out for an outing has been decided.

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了 。

4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席 。

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙 。

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。如:

Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说 。

6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数 , 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数。 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球 。

More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数 , 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。 如:

None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人 。

None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。

8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数。 如:

His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数 。如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。

9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数。

10. ”a +名词+and a half “ , ”one and a half + 名词“, ”the number of + 名词“ 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数 。 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语 , 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点 。

 (二) 内容一致原则:

 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 ”分数或百分数+名词“做主语时 ,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车, 今天出售。

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了 。

Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时 , 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数 。如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3. 加减乘除用单数 。如:

Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。

 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离 , 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时 , 其谓语动词用单数。如:

Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离 。

5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词。 包括police , people, cattle 等 , 这些集体名词通常用作复数。如:

The British police have only very limited powers.

(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 。 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等 。

(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词。 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等。如:

The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他 。

6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如:

The injured were saved after the fire.

(三) 就近原则

1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中 , (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 。

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?

你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?

2. 用连词or, either… or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如:

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事 。

He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中 , 定语从句的动词为复数。如:

Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一 。

The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是一个饲养宠物的人。

动名词与不定式

1) 动名词与不定式的区别:

动名词表达的是: 状态,性质 ,心境,抽象,经常性 ,已发生的

不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因 ,具体 ,一次性,将发生的

2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相同 。

3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组:

stop to do stop doing

forget to do forget doing

remember to do remember doing

cease to do cease doing

try to do try doing

go on to do go on doing

afraid to do afraid doing

interested to do interested doing

mean to do mean doing

regret to do regret doing

begin/start to do begin/start doing

 特殊词精讲

stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止 ,中断做某事后去做另一件事 。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了 。

 典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting  C. to rest D. rest

答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶 ,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事” 。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth.不正确。

stop doing/to do

forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事 。(已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着 ,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来 。(to come动作未做)

 典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh, I forgot___.

A. turning it off  B. turn it off  C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off

答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.

而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了 ,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意 。

remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事  (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局 。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

regret doing/to do

regret to do  对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)

regret doing  对做过的事遗憾 、后悔。 (已做)

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法 。

I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do  B. to be doing  C. to have done  D. having done

答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾 。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。

 cease doing/to do

cease to do  长时间 ,甚至永远停做某事 。

cease doing  短时停止做某事 ,以后还会接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个部门已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天 。

 try doing/to do

try to do努力,企图做某事。

try doing  试验 ,试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心 。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功 。

go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。

go on doing  继续做原来做的事。

After he had finished his maths ,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理 。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习

 be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢 ,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为“怕 ”;

be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况 、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的 ,意为“生怕,恐怕”。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步 。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

 be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣 ,想了解某事 。

interested in doing  对某种想法感兴趣 ,doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣 。你想过这事吗?  (一种想法)

 mean to doing/to do

mean to do  打算、想

mean doing 意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?

2) begin, start用进行时时 ,后面动词用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry. 我开始生起气来 。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do 。

I begin to understand the truth. 我开始明白真相。

4) 物作主语时

It began to melt.

感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do  表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性 ,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调“我见他正干活 ”这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活 。

典型例题

1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow  B. grew  C. was growing  D. to grow

答案:A. 因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程 ,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2) The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing  B. to be playingC. playD. to play

答案:A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩 ,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

倒装句

一 全部倒装

全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前 。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:

1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如:

1) There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了 。

2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了

3) Here is your letter. 这是你的信。

 2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如:

1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹 。

2) Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词 ,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:

1) Here he comes. 他来了。

2) Away they went. 他们走了

二 部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前 。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词 ,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前 。

1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如:

1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。

2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案 。

3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。 注意:当Not until引出主从复合句 ,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装 。例如:

1) I have never seen such a performance.我从来没看过这样的表演。

2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。

 2. 带有否定意义的词放在句首,语序需要部分倒装 。常见的词语有: not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如:

1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不仅拒收了礼品 ,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。

2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她 。

3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚要走时一个学生来看她。

注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构 。例如:

Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐 。

 3. 表示“也”、“也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时 ,句子作部分倒装。例如:

1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能说法语,我也能。

2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去 。

注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时 ,不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此 ”。例如:

1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom让我去踢足球,我去了 。

2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的确很大。

 4. only放在句首,强调状语(副词 ,介词短语或状语从句等) ,全句语序要部分倒装 。例如:

Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了三次才来开会。

注意:如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息 。

三 as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词 , 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。此时应注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词;2) 句首是实义动词 , 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前 。例如:

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他愿意努力工作,但是他好像从来都不能令他的工作満意 。

注意: 让步状语从句中 ,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but ,但是 though 和yet可连用。

四 其他部分倒装

1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动 。

2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中,例如:

May you all be happy. 望大家开心愉快。

3. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词 ,可将if 省略 ,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:

Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你,我就再试一次 。

求问英语真实条件句和非真实条件句的详细语法!顺便讲解下!

真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思.

真实条件句

时态关系:

(1)当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作.

如:We shall go out when you finish your holiday homework.

(2)当主句为过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作.

如:I would not go with you if it rained the next day.

(3)现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作.

如:Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.

(4)当主句为一般将来时,由as soon as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完

成体表示将来完成的动作.

如:I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.

非真实条件句

1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.

a.同现在事实相反的假设.

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here,they would help you.如果他们在,他们就会帮你了(事实是他们不在)

b.表示与过去事实相反的假设.

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.和第一个理解起来差不多,只是一个是

和现在相反,一个是过去相反,必须要看清楚

c.表示对将来的假想,与现在的现实相反

一般过去时  should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式  would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded,everything would be all right.

If you should succeed,everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.

大部分取自网上,已经将重点列出来了

非真实条件句又称作虚拟语气,要想熟练操作还是需要多做题目的.

求问英语真实条件句和非真实条件句的详细语法!顺便讲解下!

真实条件句用于陈述语气 ,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。

真实条件句

时态关系:

(1)当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。

如:We shall go out when you finish your holiday homework.

(2)当主句为过去将来时 ,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作 。

如:I would not go with you if it rained the next day.

(3)现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。

如:Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.

(4)当主句为一般将来时,由as soon as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完

成体表示将来完成的动作。

如:I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.

非真实条件句

1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况 。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.  同现在事实相反的假设。

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在 ,他们就会帮你了(事实是他们不在)

b.  表示与过去事实相反的假设 。

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have sueeded. 和第一个理解起来差不多,只是一个是

和现在相反,一个是过去相反 ,必须要看清楚

c.  表示对将来的假想,与现在的现实相反

一般过去时  should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式  would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形

If you sueeded, everything would be all right.

If you should sueed, everything would be all right.

If you were to sueed, everything would be all right.

大部分取自网上,已经将重点列出来了

非真实条件句又称作虚拟语气 ,要想熟练操作还是需要多做题目的 。

求解释非真实条件句和真实条件句的详细语法。

真是条件句 就是 可能发生的事情

非真实条件句 就是 不可能发生的

真实:if it is fine tomorrow,we shall go fishing

明天可能天晴 可能发生

非真实: if i were free,i would go 如果当时我有空 我就去了. 已经过去了 不可能发生 只是做个假设.

如果您满意我的回答 ,请及时点击采纳为满意回答按钮!

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你的采纳是我前进的动力!

谢谢!

真实条件句和非真实条件句的区别?

真实条件句是极有可能发生的。如:若刻苦学习,就能取得不错的成绩;若明天下雨的话,就不去春游了 。

非真实条件句都是不可能发生的 ,是对实际情况做一个完全相反的假设。如:若我小时候努力学习了(实际上没有),我现在也不至于找不到工作;若事事都能如愿(实际上不可能),乞丐也能飞黄腾达。

真实和非真实条件句

真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气 ,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思 。

时态关系

句型: 条件从句  主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he es, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. 

A. will rain  B. rains  C. rained  D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。

非真实(虚拟)条件句

1)时态:可以表示过去 ,现在和将来的情况 。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型 : 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b.表示与过去事实相反的假设 。

句型: 条件从句  主句 

过去完成时  should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have sueeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. 

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from

going.

If he had e yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义:He did not e yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater

progress.

含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. 

c. 表示对将来的假想

句型:  条件从句 主句

一般过去时  should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you sueeded, everything would be all right.

If you should sueed, everything would be all right.

If you were to sueed, everything would be all right.

非真实条件句

非真实条件句

1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a. 同现在事实相反的假设 。

句型 : 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设 。

句型: 条件从句 主句

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have sueeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had e yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义:He did not e yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示对将来的假想

句型: 条件从句 主句

一般过去时 should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you sueeded, everything would be all right.

If you should sueed, everything would be all right.

If you were to sueed, everything would be all right.

:mryuan./ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=55

真实条件句和非真实条件句的区别是什么?

非真实条件句是虚拟式的一种表示法。在非真实条件句中,用一般过去时表示的条件指现在或未来 ,而用过去完成体表示的条件则指过去。可以看出,非真实条件句发生的语境是就现在/过去事实的一种假设 。e.g If you missed the bus ,you wouldn't be there on time.如果你未赶上公共汽车,你就不能按时到了。(表示你现在已经赶上公共汽车了 ,你可以按时到。) 而真实条件句只是对客观事实的一种陈述 。

如何理解条件句和虚礼语气,什么是真实条件句和非真实条件句,怎么理解混合条件句

虚礼语气

1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词 ,用来表示建议 、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+ 动词原形。 常这样用的形容词有: appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的,合理的 better 较好的 desirable 理想的 essential 精华的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 insistent 坚持的 natural 自然的 necessary 必要的

preferable 优越的,较好的 strange 奇怪的 urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的 过去分词有: desired , demanded, ordered, requested , suggested, remended, required 等 。 例如: It is essential that you (should) win the voters‘ hearts.

赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。 It was suggested that he (should) join the activities.

有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。 2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议 、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气 。其形式为:(should)+ 动词原形。 常这样用的名词有: resolution 决心 ,决议 pray 恳求 decision 决议 motion 提议 suggestion 建议 preference 选择 proposal 提议 advice 劝告 remendation 推荐 desire 愿望 demand 要求 requirement 要求 order 命令 necessity 必要性 request 要求 idea 主意 、想法 例如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.

他下令热情款待这些客人。 His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性 。

……

If真实条件句与非真实条件句的用法(请仔细解释非真实的两种不同用法,谢=w=)

非真实条件句(我说成是虚拟语气)分别分成对过去,现在 ,将来的虚拟

条件从句 主句

过去 had +过去分词 would(should)+过去分词

现在 过去式(be用were) would(should)+动词原形

将来 过去式/should /were to+动词原形 同上

这个表格记住就明白虚拟语气怎么使用了,虚拟语气顾名思义是不可能发生的

比如If I were you,I ......我不可能是你所以用了对现在的虚拟

而真实句式表示有可能发生的 ,比如If he es home,please call me at once.

大概就是这些 ,如果还有不懂,可以问我

如何判断if I had you是真实条件句还是非真实条件句?

贝贝金海外专营店为您服务

答:从形式和意义两方面去判断 。

一、形式

虚拟条件句中的谓语动词必定是过去时态。主句必定是would+ do / have done 形式。(would根据人称和意思,可改用should (第一人称) ,和could (能),might(可能))

具体:

if从句 主句

与现在情况相反的假设: did would +V.

与过去情况相反的假设: had done whould have done

与将来情况很可能相反的假设: did/ were to+V. / should +V. would +V.

注:be动词用律用were

二、从意义上去判断 。

象If I were you, I would do sth. 很明显是假设的,因为我怎么可能是你呢?

主要还是要从形式上去判断。

如有人说:如果我有10万元 ,我就买一辆新车。这是很难判断这是虚拟语气的句子,还是真实的条件句 。但是:

If I have 10,000 yuan, I will buy a new car. 这就是陈述语气。

而:If I had 10,000 yun, I would buy a new car. 就明显是虚拟语气。

翻译过来是如果我有你,显然就是目前为止还没有咯 ,判定为非真实条件句 。

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